汉语网络语言影响内地藏生汉语习得的原因与对策

汉语网络语言影响藏生汉语习得的情感，影响藏生汉语习得中“可理解的语言输入”的数量和质量，影响藏生对汉语社会文化的适应和趋同程度。这些影响主要与汉语网络语言使用失范、内地藏生汉语习得与汉语网络环境脱节、汉藏文化障碍影响汉语网络语言的推介等因素相关。据此，文章从二语习得的角度提出解决对策：培养藏生对汉语网络语言的价值观和情感；引导和规范汉语网络语言，优化网络环境；寻求藏生汉语习得与网络社会生活的契合点，提高“可理解的语言输入”的数量和质量。     

文学批评理论的双重话语--基于问题意识的再审

作为文学研究的当代知识范型，批评理论在对传统文论的超越中，逐步形成了自己阐释文学的基本思路。新时期以来的中国文论形态却往往从审美关系论域出发，以批评模式对它进行诠释和界说。由此，忽视了贯穿于其中的问题意识与文学研究理论构成之间的对应关联，淡化乃至消解了批评理论的双重性质。正视并阐明当代文学批评理论的话语构成和理论视域，对于当代中国文论更新观念形貌、介入本土文学具有重要的意义。     

Design of ISD-1: an instrument for social diagnosis in care homes for older persons*

This article describes the design process and main features of an instrument developed for use in the specialist area of intervention in care homes for older persons. The essential aim of ISD-1 (instrument for social diagnosis) is to permit the correct formulation of social diagnoses and to standardise and define the professional language used by social workers. Its content has been organised into 4 dimensions of social diagnosis, divided into 15 sub-dimensions containing 83 diagnostic categories. This work was performed in Spain, in the 24 care homes of the Madrid Social Care Agency of the Community of Madrid, involving the participation of the 40 social workers practising in these centres. ISD-1 is an easily understood and used tool, of potential use for social workers practising in care homes for older persons and capable of being adapted for use in other institutional environments, as well as being capable of adaptation and translation for its application in other countries.     

ＧＩＳ技术支持下的北宋初期丝路要道灵州道复原研究

在９世纪后半叶乃至整个１０世纪的丝绸之路东、中段交通网络系统中，灵州道占有一席之地。宋初，大食、回鹘、于阗以及归义军等民族政权多通过灵州道与北宋王朝进行经贸、文化往来。本文主要针对这一时段内灵州道的畅通情况及其道路性质进行探讨，在原有文献考证的基础上，利用考古资料、ＧＩＳ技术，尽可能实现对灵州道古地名数据的精确地理定位，最后使用ＡＲＣＧＩＳ技术，绘制灵州道的道路走向地图，为北宋灵州道区域的政治、经济、文化交流综合研究提供地理学依据。     

What makes a Gael? Identity,language and ancestry in the Scottish Gàidhealtachd

Scholars know far less about ‘national identity’ than ‘nations’ and ‘nationalism’. The authors argue that the concept is sociologically important and briefly discuss its relationship with language. They examine empirically how people living in the Gàidhealtachd, the area of Scotland associated with Gaelic language and culture, whether they are Gaelic speakers or not, whether incomers or not, go about their territorial identity business. The article shows how respondents’ Gaelic identity relates to their British and Scottish identity; how people living in the Gàidhealtachd assess putative claims to a Gaelic identity based variously on language, residence and ancestry; and how they see the balance between ‘cultural’ and ‘political’ elements in Gaelic. The authors argue that to study ‘what makes a Gael?’ highlights the key role territorial identity plays in connecting social structure to social action, and also that identity provides a set of meanings and understandings through which people experience social structure and feel empowered to act.     

立法语言的语体(下)

立法语言是准确表达立法意图、立法目的和体现立法政策的一种专门载体,比一般的语言文字严谨、规范、简洁、通俗、明确。法律文本大到行文成篇,小至遣词用字,都应当予以足够的重视,要求既符合作为法律行业特殊语体的习惯和规则,也要符合国家通用语言文字(普通话)的语法、语义要求。根据我国立法文本的用字和用词、立法语言的口语以及立法语言的外来词等方面的统计、分析和研究,我们发现立法语言具有通用语言文字和特殊行业语言的双重特点,自然也要接受、符合通用语言文字和法律行业语言的双重规范。     

《十八大报告》中模糊语言的翻译

由于语言自身的特点和语境的需要，政治文本中有大量的模糊表达法。如何翻译这些表达法，对于提高译本的可接受性及准确传达说话人的意思、实现交际目的，具有重要意义。本文将模糊语言分为模糊句子、模糊限制语、模糊词语三种类型，分析中央编译局提供的《十八大报告》英文译本，发现每一种类型的模糊语都有多种译法，但总体原则是让译文符合译入语习惯和实现说话人的交际意图。     

歧义容忍度对外语语言水平和外语阅读成绩的影响

为探讨歧义容忍度对外语语言水平和外语阅读成绩的影响,对高、低歧义容忍度组在外语语言水平和外语阅读成绩上的差异进行了比较。结果表明：歧义容忍度直接影响外语语言水平和外语阅读成绩,还通过外语语言水平间接影响外语阅读成绩;高、低歧义容忍度纽的学生在外语语言水平和外语阅读成绩上均有显著性差异。     

Assessment of study abroad outcomes in Chinese as a second language: gains in cross-cultural adaptability,language contact and proficiency

Participants were 109 American college students studying Chinese in a study-abroad programme in Beijing. Following Kelley and Meyer, intercultural competence was defined as cross-cultural adaptability involving four dimensions (emotional resilience, flexibility/openness, perceptual acuity and personal autonomy) and was measured with a survey. A language contact questionnaire was used to document the amount of time spent on social activities. Language proficiency was measured with a standardised Chinese test. Results revealed that intercultural competence and language contact combined explained 37.7% of the proficiency gains. Language contact had direct effects on proficiency, but intercultural competence had indirect effects, mediated by language contact.     

Attachment Disturbances Delay Language Acquisition in Internationally Adopted Children

Cross-sectional research on internationally adopted children has indicated an association between early attachment disturbances and language deficits. Raaska et al. (2013 Raaska, H., Elovainio, M., Sinkkonen, J., Stolt, S., Jalonen, I., Matomäki, J., … Lapinleimu, H. (2013). Adopted children's language difficulties and their relation to symptoms of reactive attachment disorder: FinAdo study. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34(3), 152–160.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) have speculated that this relationship is likely bidirectional. In an attempt to elucidate the causal relationship between these two risk factors, the attachment disturbances and language skills of 44 internationally adopted children were assessed in a cross-lagged structural equation model. Greater attachment disturbances at wave 1 predicted less gain in language by wave 2. In contrast, language at wave 1 was not predictive of attachment disturbances at wave 2. These results suggest that early attachment problems may present an important risk for later language development and should be an immediate and primary focus of post-adoptive intervention for families adopting internationally.